{"id":25846036,"date":"2026-01-13T22:16:23","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T21:16:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/conflicts-of-interest\/what-are-the-penalties-for-conflicts-of-interest\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T09:45:04","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T08:45:04","slug":"what-are-the-penalties-for-conflicts-of-interest","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/en\/conflicts-of-interest\/what-are-the-penalties-for-conflicts-of-interest\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the penalties for conflicts of interest?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"25846036\" class=\"elementor elementor-25846036 elementor-1677\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc1f7cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fc1f7cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56af686a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56af686a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e746b71 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"5e746b71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 22\"><path id=\"icons8-genealogy\" d=\"M10,3V6.549L6.449,10H4v4h.018L2.908,17H1v4H5V17.113l1.027-2.779L7,17v4h4V17H9.129L8,13.9V11.279l4.006-3.891L16,11.215V14h.027l-1.133,3H13v4h4V17.082l1.047-2.768L19.027,17H19v4h4V17H21.158L20,13.832V10H17.623L14,6.531V3Z\" transform=\"translate(-3 23) rotate(-90)\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71f19735 elementor-align-left fil-ariane elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"71f19735\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/en\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e212fda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e212fda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a12cca8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a12cca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"titre-large\">\n  <span class=\"strong\">What penalties<\/span>\n <span class=\"lite\">for<\/span>\n <span class=\"accent accent-violet\">conflicts of interest?<\/span>\n<\/span>\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a9f64a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a9f64a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d16507 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d16507\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f34d097 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f34d097\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While not a criminal offense in itself, <strong>a conflict of interest situation can have disastrous consequences<\/strong> for a public or private organization: loss of reputation, breach of trust, decreased competitiveness, budget imbalance, etc.<\/p><p>This is why <strong>the harmful behaviors it causes must be sanctioned<\/strong>. The law is strict regarding illegal taking of interests, corruption, or favoritism. The company, local authority, or administration can also act through disciplinary sanctions and a risk prevention policy.  <\/p><p>What are the penalties for conflicts of interest and how can they be prevented? Overview and case studies. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bd57e5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bd57e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb16f6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb16f6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25846037\" alt=\"Vector illustration of scales of justice symbolizing penalties for conflicts of interest in companies, local authorities, and administrations.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-768x768.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17cbbc6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17cbbc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29f7701 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29f7701\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"titre-large\">\n  <span class=\"accent accent-violet\">Legal penalties<\/span>\n <span class=\"lite\">for<\/span>\n <span class=\"strong\">conflicts of interest<\/span>\n<\/span>\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e49c94e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e49c94e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01c058c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"01c058c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7af480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7af480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/en\/conflicts-of-interest\/\">A conflict of interest<\/a> is a situation in which <strong>a personal interest interferes with the organization&#8217;s interest<\/strong>, threatening the objectivity, impartiality, and independence of a decision. In itself, a conflict of interest is not a criminal offense. <\/p><p>However, private and public corruption, the offense of favoritism, and illegal taking of interests are strictly sanctioned by law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfea207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfea207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Criminal penalties for the offense of corruption<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4b09db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4b09db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Any public official<\/strong> found guilty of active or passive corruption <strong>faces up to ten years&#8217; imprisonment and a fine of one million euros<\/strong>. The maximum sentence is reduced by half in cases of private corruption. <\/p><p><strong>The legal entity<\/strong> (company, local authority, or administration) can also be prosecuted for active corruption. The amount of the fine is equal to five times the fine for natural persons (articles 435-1 et seq. of the Criminal Code).  <\/p><p>The same penalties apply <strong>to influence peddling<\/strong>, which sanctions the use of a public position to influence a decision in favor of private interests (article 433-2 of the Criminal Code).<\/p><p>The penalties apply to the perpetrator responsible for the offense as well as to their accomplices, whether they belong to the public service or a private company.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d440e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d440e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2bde83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d2bde83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-juridiques-conflits-interets-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25846038\" alt=\"Vector illustration representing legal penalties for conflicts of interest: Criminal Code, prison sentences, fines, and symbols of justice.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-juridiques-conflits-interets-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-juridiques-conflits-interets-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-juridiques-conflits-interets-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-juridiques-conflits-interets.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c0fe14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c0fe14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d839a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d839a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6958657 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6958657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Criminal penalties for illegal taking of interests<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eace35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4eace35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The act of an elected official, public official, or private person participating in a public mission obtaining an interest in a private company whose supervision, administration, or payment they ensure is punishable by <strong>five years&#8217; imprisonment and a fine of 500,000 euros<\/strong> (<a title=\"article 432-12 of the Criminal Code\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044569907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article 432-12 of the Criminal Code<\/a>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e9a20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20e9a20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b72407b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b72407b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Criminal penalties for the offense of favoritism<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd1357 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fd1357\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The law provides for a penalty of <strong>two years&#8217; imprisonment and a fine of 200,000 euros<\/strong> if a representative of public authority (elected official, public official, administrator, etc.) grants an unjustified advantage to a person or company by circumventing the rules of freedom of access and equality of candidates for public contracts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033611461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article 432-14 of the Criminal Code<\/a>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de8cac1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"de8cac1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c65a379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c65a379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"titre-large\">\n  <span class=\"accent accent-violet\">Disciplinary penalties<\/span>\n <span class=\"lite\">for<\/span>\n <span class=\"strong\">conflicts of interest<\/span>\n<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddeeef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddeeef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Illegal practices caused by a conflict of interest situation <strong>subject the perpetrator of the offense to a risk of disciplinary sanction<\/strong>. The company, local authority, or administration has the right to apply it, even in the absence of any criminal penalty. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce6bf9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce6bf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ace40d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ace40d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f0152 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22f0152\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Legal consequences of conflicts of interest<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4458683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4458683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the private sector, a conflict of interest situation does not constitute an offense. While it cannot be criminally sanctioned, the company has the right to apply disciplinary sanctions. <\/p><p><strong>Violation of the duty of loyalty<\/strong> is recognized by case law in the name of the obligation to execute the employment contract &#8220;in good faith,&#8221; as stated in the Labor Code. This includes, for example, a non-compete obligation or an obligation to prioritize the organization&#8217;s interests. Several rulings by the Court of Cassation recall this principle (Cass. Soc. January 12, 2012, no. 10-20.600; Cass. Com. November 15, 2011, no. 10-15.049).  <\/p><p>Penalties must be <strong>proportionate to the fault<\/strong>. They can range from a warning to dismissal for serious or gross misconduct, including disciplinary suspension with loss of salary, demotion, transfer, or dismissal for real and serious cause. <\/p><p>Penalties are clearly <strong>written in the company&#8217;s internal regulations<\/strong> and may be included in <strong>the internal code of conduct<\/strong> made mandatory in certain companies by the Sapin 2 law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-030830c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"030830c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d81c4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d81c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disciplinary measures in the public service<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f428e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f428e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The public service has an arsenal of disciplinary sanctions, regulated by the General Code of the Public Service or CGCT (articles L530-1 to L533-6). The local authority or administration has the right to suspend from their duties any civil servant who commits an act considered serious before <strong>appearing before the disciplinary board<\/strong>. <\/p><p>Warning, reprimand, temporary exclusion, removal from the advancement table, grade reduction, demotion, retirement, dismissal: <strong>the graduated scale of penalties<\/strong> allows for punishing conflicts of interest in proportion to their severity.<\/p><p>The CGCT also provides for <strong>disciplinary sanctions against local elected officials<\/strong>. Mayors and deputy mayors can be suspended or dismissed before the end of their term in the event of serious misconduct committed in the exercise of their duties or outside them. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f52f5c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1f52f5c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e8e694 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e8e694\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"titre-large\">\n  <span class=\"strong\">Case studies<\/span>\n <span class=\"lite\">of<\/span>\n <span class=\"accent accent-violet\">emblematic conflicts of interest<\/span>\n<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-718bdbf5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"718bdbf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f7e8237 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-switcher\" data-id=\"6f7e8237\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-switcher.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-switcher jet-switcher--preset-1 jet-switcher-move-up-effect jet-switcher--disable\" data-settings=\"{&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;move-up&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-switcher__control-wrapper\"><div class=\"jet-switcher__control-instance\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-switcher__control-handler\"><span><\/span><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"jet-switcher__control jet-switcher__control--disable\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"jet-switcher-content-disable-6f7e8237\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Private\"><div class=\"jet-switcher__label-text\">Private<\/div><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"jet-switcher__control jet-switcher__control--enable\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"jet-switcher-content-enable-6f7e8237\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Public\"><div class=\"jet-switcher__label-text\">Public<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-switcher__content-wrapper\"><div id=\"jet-switcher-content-disable-6f7e8237\" class=\"jet-switcher__content jet-switcher__content--disable active-content\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"1685\" class=\"elementor elementor-1685\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a34b29 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a34b29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd66b72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd66b72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-905e690 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"905e690\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exemples de sanctions dans le secteur priv\u00e9 pour conflits d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdace84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdace84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans le cas d\u2019affaires de conflits d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat, nombre de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9chappent \u00e0 la justice en\u00a0<strong>se saisissant de l\u2019outil de justice transactionnelle<\/strong>,\u00a0<a title=\"Loi Sapin 2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/sapin-2\/\">cr\u00e9\u00e9e par la loi Sapin 2<\/a>. C\u2019est le cas de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de luxe LVMH qui a accept\u00e9 de\u00a0<strong>conclure une convention judiciaire d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public (CJIP)<\/strong>\u00a0et de payer une amende de 10 millions d\u2019euros pour mettre fin aux poursuites de trafic d\u2019influence. L\u2019affaire impliquait un ancien directeur de l\u2019ex-DCRI (Direction centrale du renseignement int\u00e9rieur) reconnu coupable d\u2019avoir sollicit\u00e9 des informations confidentielles au profit de LVMH.<\/p><p>Dans le cadre des\u00a0<strong>march\u00e9s truqu\u00e9s d\u2019EDF<\/strong>, la majorit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s poursuivies ont aussi n\u00e9goci\u00e9 une CIJP et pay\u00e9 des amendes publiques pour \u00e9teindre l\u2019action judiciaire.<\/p><p>Depuis la cr\u00e9ation de cet outil,\u00a0<strong>nombre de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s poursuivies<\/strong>\u00a0pour recel de favoritisme, recel de prise ill\u00e9gale d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats ou corruption choisissent la voie de l\u2019accord, malgr\u00e9 des amendes \u00e9lev\u00e9es (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Paprec, Groupe Omnium d\u00e9veloppement, Bouygues b\u00e2timent, Airbus, et.) L\u2019objectif ? \u00c9viter les poursuites judiciaires publiques pr\u00e9judiciables \u00e0 leur r\u00e9putation (1)<\/p><p>En revanche,\u00a0<strong>la CIJP ne s\u2019applique pas aux dirigeants<\/strong>\u00a0dont la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle est engag\u00e9e et souvent lourdement condamn\u00e9s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-091e071 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"091e071\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a64e9fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a64e9fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-prive.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1690\" alt=\"Illustration vectorielle repr\u00e9sentant la justice transactionnelle dans le secteur priv\u00e9 : convention judiciaire d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public, amendes et sanctions individuelles.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-prive.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-prive-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-prive-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-prive-768x768.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div id=\"jet-switcher-content-enable-6f7e8237\" class=\"jet-switcher__content jet-switcher__content--enable \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"1687\" class=\"elementor elementor-1687\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a34b29 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a34b29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd66b72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd66b72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20c8785 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20c8785\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exemples de sanctions dans le secteur public pour conflits d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdace84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdace84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Les affaires politico-judiciaires<\/strong>\u00a0d\u00e9fraient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement la chronique. Au vu de la longueur et de la complexit\u00e9 des proc\u00e9dures, beaucoup sont encore dans les tuyaux de la justice. Quelques affaires embl\u00e9matiques ont cependant vu la condamnation de leurs auteurs. Les sanctions sont souvent assorties de peines d\u2019in\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9.<\/p><p>En 2020, Fran\u00e7ois Fillon a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 quatre ans de prison, dont un ferme, pour d\u00e9tournement de fonds publics, abus de biens sociaux et prise ill\u00e9gale d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats, pour avoir attribu\u00e9 un emploi fictif \u00e0 sa femme en tant qu\u2019assistante parlementaire. Un nouveau proc\u00e8s est ordonn\u00e9 en 2024 par la Cour de cassation pour r\u00e9examiner la nature des peines.<\/p><p><strong>L\u2019affaire des sondages de l\u2019\u00c9lys\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0est une autre affaire embl\u00e9matique de conflits d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat. Elle porte sur des achats d\u2019enqu\u00eates d\u2019opinion sans aucune mise en concurrence, pour un budget de 1,5 million d\u2019euros. Le pr\u00e9sident du cabinet de sondages n\u2019est autre qu\u2019un conseiller du Pr\u00e9sident, Patrick Buisson. Les principaux protagonistes sont condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 des peines allant de six mois \u00e0 deux ans de prison avec sursis et des amendes. Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s concern\u00e9es sont aussi sanctionn\u00e9es par des amendes de 50 000 \u00e0 un million d\u2019euros.<\/p><p>Ex-pr\u00e9sident de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de Rugby, Bernard Laporte a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux ans de prison avec sursis et 75 000 euros d\u2019amende pour des faits de corruption passive, de trafic d\u2019influence et de prise ill\u00e9gale d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats. Son d\u00e9lit ? Avoir attribu\u00e9 un contrat d\u2019image \u00e0 un proche en \u00e9change de commissions.<\/p><p>Dans une affaire de march\u00e9s truqu\u00e9s au profit de son fr\u00e8re, Jean-No\u00ebl Gu\u00e9rini a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 trois ans de prison, dont dix-huit mois fermes et \u00e0 30 000 euros d\u2019amende.<\/p><p>D\u2019autres proc\u00e8s moins embl\u00e9matiques ont vu\u00a0<strong>la condamnation de maires et d\u2019adjoints au maire pour prise ill\u00e9gale d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/strong>\u00a0et\u00a0<a title=\"Conflits d'int\u00e9r\u00eats et favoritisme dans les march\u00e9s publics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/conflits-interets\/exemples\/\">favoritisme dans les march\u00e9s publics<\/a>.<\/p><p>En revanche,\u00a0<strong>les collectivit\u00e9s sont rarement poursuivies<\/strong>\u00a0en tant que personnes morales. En 2014, une commune a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 15 000 euros d\u2019amende pour d\u00e9lit de favoritisme, d\u00e9cision jug\u00e9e \u00ab in\u00e9dite et atypique \u00bb. (2)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-091e071 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"091e071\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a64e9fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a64e9fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-public-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1694\" alt=\"Sanctions conflits d&apos;int\u00e9r\u00eats - Secteur public\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-public-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-public-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-public-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/sanctions-conflits-interets-secteur-public.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a900995 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a900995\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99f3ced elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99f3ced\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"titre-large\">\n  <span class=\"strong\">How to prevent<\/span>\n <span class=\"lite\">penalties for<\/span>\n <span class=\"accent accent-violet\">conflicts of interest?<\/span>\n<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3909a61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3909a61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9eeef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df9eeef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2afa7d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2afa7d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Justice can be severe<\/strong> with natural persons involved in conflicts of interest.<\/p><p>The company, local authority, and administration also sanction the individual. Disciplinary penalties can disrupt a life. Avoiding penalties requires preventing conflict of interest situations upstream through <strong>prevention and risk management tools<\/strong>.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-313d499 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"313d499\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1f22e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b1f22e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/conflits-interets-organisations-publiques-1024x683.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25846039\" alt=\"Illustration showing several forms of conflicts of interest in the public sector: unlawful taking of interests, revolving doors, and favoritism.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/conflits-interets-organisations-publiques-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/conflits-interets-organisations-publiques-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/conflits-interets-organisations-publiques-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/conflits-interets-organisations-publiques.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d4a5f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d4a5f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b793683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"b793683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1920\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1920\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \ud83d\udcdd Declaration of interests and assets <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1920\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51c46bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"51c46bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0ab040 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0ab040\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The company, local authority, or administration can implement a mandatory declaration of interests and assets, with an annual update campaign.<\/p><p>The declaration must be <strong>required for the most sensitive positions<\/strong>, identified in the risk mapping. Note that the 2016 law on ethics and the rights and obligations of civil servants makes the declaration of interests mandatory for the most exposed public officials. However, it can be extended to all, while respecting privacy and personal data protection.  <\/p><p>Using <strong>specialized software<\/strong> facilitates self-declaration via an online form with customized fields (list of past and current professional and volunteer positions, spouse&#8217;s profession, financial interests, etc.).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1921\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1921\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \ud83d\udd12 Decision-making framework <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1921\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ce37a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61ce37a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e3804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5e3804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Decisions biased by conflict of interest situations are the source of economic, financial, legal, and reputational problems for the organization. The company, local authority, or administration can limit this risk by framing decision-making. <\/p><p>It can <strong>impose collective decision-making<\/strong> through hierarchical validation rules and dual signature requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1922\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1922\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \ud83d\udcdc Establishment of rules <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1922\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dc823b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1dc823b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebf9c4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebf9c4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Through its internal regulations and\/or internal code of conduct, the company, local authority, or administration can impose <strong>rules limiting conflicts of interest<\/strong>, such as prohibiting the use of organizational resources for personal purposes.<\/p><p>These documents also help <strong>raise awareness and train employees<\/strong> by describing risky situations that can lead to conflicts of interest, as well as the disciplinary sanctions incurred by perpetrators of offenses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1923\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1923\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\u2696\ufe0f Ethics committee and ethics officer <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1923\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8871751 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8871751\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341426b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341426b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the public service, the appointment of an ethics officer in local authorities and administrations was enacted by the 2016 law on civil servant ethics. They have an <strong>essentially advisory function<\/strong> for officials who consult them to learn about their rights and duties or report a risk of conflict of interest. The administration can also consult them for an opinion on the combination of public and private activities of a civil servant or a departure to the private sector.  <\/p><p>Since June 1, 2023, local authorities must also designate <strong>an ethics officer<\/strong> dedicated to local elected officials.<\/p><p>The company can also <strong>establish a code of ethics and appoint an ethics committee<\/strong>, preferably independent of management to ensure its neutrality. It can address all ethical issues concerning the company. It can be referred to by an employee or third party wishing to report a potential conflict of interest situation. A protective and discreet alert system encourages the reporting of information.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1924\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1924\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \ud83c\udf93 Awareness and training <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1924\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c40ca84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c40ca84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0baceb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0baceb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avoiding a risk is difficult if it is not known. Awareness and training are essential to alert elected officials, executives, administrators, and employees to <strong>the risks and mechanisms of conflicts of interest.<\/strong> <\/p><p>In the event of an offense committed by an employee or public official, the existence of training and awareness tools, as well as regulatory documents (internal regulations, internal code of conduct), <strong>also help prove the fault and the accused person&#8217;s knowledge of the rules<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\ud83d\\udcdd Declaration of interests and assets\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The company, local authority, or administration can implement a mandatory declaration of interests and assets, with an annual update campaign.The declaration must be required for the most sensitive positions, identified in the risk mapping. Note that the 2016 law on ethics and the rights and obligations of civil servants makes the declaration of interests mandatory for the most exposed public officials. However, it can be extended to all, while respecting privacy and personal data protection.  Using specialized software facilitates self-declaration via an online form with customized fields (list of past and current professional and volunteer positions, spouse&#8217;s profession, financial interests, etc.).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\ud83d\\udd12 Decision-making framework\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Decisions biased by conflict of interest situations are the source of economic, financial, legal, and reputational problems for the organization. The company, local authority, or administration can limit this risk by framing decision-making. 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They have an essentially advisory function for officials who consult them to learn about their rights and duties or report a risk of conflict of interest. The administration can also consult them for an opinion on the combination of public and private activities of a civil servant or a departure to the private sector.  Since June 1, 2023, local authorities must also designate an ethics officer dedicated to local elected officials.The company can also establish a code of ethics and appoint an ethics committee, preferably independent of management to ensure its neutrality. It can address all ethical issues concerning the company. It can be referred to by an employee or third party wishing to report a potential conflict of interest situation. 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In the event of an offense committed by an employee or public official, the existence of training and awareness tools, as well as regulatory documents (internal regulations, internal code of conduct), also help prove the fault and the accused person&#8217;s knowledge of the rules.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c0a794 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8c0a794\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d503b09 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d503b09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1399209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1399209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The penalties provided for by French law\u2014whether criminal or disciplinary\u2014<strong>are severe<\/strong> and <strong>underscore the importance of adopting ethical and loyal conduct<\/strong>.<\/p><p>While prison sentences and fines can destroy lives and shake the reputation of companies, local authorities, and administrations, they are only part of the solution. Clear and rigorous conflict of interest prevention and management strategies ensure transparency in decision-making and prevent simple errors in judgment from turning into costly scandals. Strict compliance with rules and constant vigilance are the best insurance against irreversible repercussions.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What penalties for conflicts of interest? While not a criminal offense in itself, a conflict of interest situation can have disastrous consequences for a public or private organization: loss of reputation, breach of trust, decreased competitiveness, budget imbalance, etc. This is why the harmful behaviors it causes must be sanctioned. The law is strict regarding [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":25846021,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25846036","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Penalties for conflicts of interest: examples and prevention<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Criminal and disciplinary penalties for conflicts of interest: concrete examples, potential sentences, and tools to prevent risks.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.values-associates.fr\/en\/conflicts-of-interest\/what-are-the-penalties-for-conflicts-of-interest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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